This is very long (40 pages), and a VERY rough translation. Frankly, in some places it doesn’t make much sense in English. However, you can get more than the gist. I wasn’t going to publish it until I corrected the translation, but I realized this whole thing would be over by the time I got done. If you like to read original documents and don’t read Arabic, maybe you’ll find it useful. At this point, it’s a little over halfway done.
Taken from the Fatah Draft Political Agenda for the 2009 conference in Bethlehem. and here.
In the name of God the merciful
June 28
draftPolitical program of Palestinian national liberation movement “Fatah”
Submitted to the Sixth Conference for proceedings
I: Introduction:such as the launching of Herat the opening of the armed struggle in Al-Fateh January 1965 during the birth of the Palestinian National contemporary, which account to identity, personal and national Palestinian, and re-consideration to the Palestinian issue, and equity, and its place in the scene liberal, and in the heart of international politics. These were launched during of the vanguard of revolutionary equipped with a national way of thinking, linking between words and deeds, and theory and practice, considered the vanguard of the Palestinian struggle through armed struggle is the spearhead for the Liberation of Palestine, on the basis of creative vision is the revolution face Palestinian, Arab and the heart and humanitarian dimensions.
Herat was born Palestinian national liberation, “Fatah” from the womb of suffering, the transformation of the image of the Palestinian people, of their humanitarian dimension sub-districts of refugees, and then to national sub-districts of the people of him the rights of national enjoy the support of the international community, international law, and international legitimacy. Herat has opened over the decades, its Ohn the backbone of the Palestinian revolution its various factions different strengths many of the historic achievements enormous sacrifices, and with the blood of martyrs.
During this pilot finds itself today in front of the immense challenges and changes seriously threaten the collapse of a national project in the establishment of a Palestinian state democracy and restoring the usurped rights, which have been made for dear and cheap, and provided a convoy of martyrs led by men bones of awaderha replacement and its central Committee on top of the martyr leader Yasser Arafat, was filled with the occupation prisons thousands of cadres of the finest young people, carrying live dream and hope thousands of persons with disabilities of their sons and Aapadha fighting, men endorsed what covenant with Allah, and the men and the believers and Palestinian their Herat, still conveniently hope to play their Herat of loco address aches and pains stage.
Here is the opening of its sixth start on the achievements and victories, and suffered from The pros and defeats, and the errors they committed, be assessed honestly and objectively in order to develop a plan Progress to achieve victory based on the fundamentals of movement, and based on an analysis of the changing reality. Highlights the importance of The political agenda in the formulation of strategies for the coming period irrefutable political action of the Fatah leadership And Auadrha and its members and supporters and a guide and a guide to the activities of the representatives of the movement in all institutions Liberation Organization and the Palestinian National Authority, and in the Arab and international relations all.
Waiting for the Palestinian masses to be derived from the movement of hope in the future, and to renew Confidence in the elected leadership and their ability to protect the national project and its readiness to continue the struggle wisely And courage to achieve victory. It is expected members of the Movement Auadrha the results of the Sixth Conference And the adoption of the new political program impatiently, for the start of a new movement which restored Recovery and effectiveness, and to regenerate its leadership and achieved unity under the principles and legality.
Second: the movement of the opening between the Revolution and the StateCatastrophe and the start: the challenge and response
With the beginning of last century and the Palestinian people faced with an attack against British colonial oil The region and the strategic location of Palestine, and planted in our country, by issuing the Balfour Declaration in the Year 1917, a Zionist racist settler colonialism, the work on the displacement of people from the armed force His place and bring strangers, thus violating the rights of the Palestinian people on the fixed land. And thus enabled British colonial Zionist movement to plant roots in Palestine, and create a new reality and change Indeed, demographic, cultural and political.
The Zionist Movement to establish a settlement project with support from the British Mandate, the implementation Of the Balfour Declaration to establish a national homeland for Jews in Palestine, and Toaida the military control of the Zionist movement On the ground when the British withdrawal, to the Zionist project in Palestine is different from the Settlement in Algeria, Kenya, where the settlers withdrew with the army of occupation, but with similar Settler colonialism in South Africa in various aspects. Assisted the Zionist occupation Bhrap Jewish and global alliances with the countries of the West, primarily, and to grasp opportunities to provide services to these countries, And the Christian West Tzaer node of guilt towards the Jews, especially those committed by the Nazis against the Germans in Under the so-called “Holocaust”, as the establishment of new alliances and supported the significant presence started the special relationship With Britain and with France, and then with the United States, which has built with the Zionist movement Relationship with an unprecedented strategy.
On the other hand, failed the Palestinian movement, despite the heroic struggle and continued to attract Arab support And international actors in the time it was the majority of Arab states under the influence of the British Alastmarin And French, and therefore failed the fragile Arab regimes, and the emerging national movement to provide a helping hand Of Palestine. Fought a hundred years the Palestinian people against the fierce attack the settlement, and the upheaval Thirty-six in the first year of British occupation was the most important of the Great Revolution of 1936 He died in 1939, during which up to thirty thousand Palestinians, led by Commander Said Aas, who was martyred in the 6 October 1936 in the village of vegetables, was wounded in the same denuded deputy commander Abdul Qadir Husseini, commander General of the Revolution, Abdul Rahim Haji Mohammad who died in March 27, 1939, annexed to the Mujahideen Bshikhi Izz el-Deen al-Qassam, who was martyred in November 20, 1935 and executed by Al-Saadi Farhan, England 2. November 1937.
With the end of 1947 a resolution the United Nations General Assembly No. 181, on November 29 Defined by the partition resolution, which provided for the partition of Palestine into two states between the Arab and Jewish Federation Economic development of a special international status of Jerusalem.
Came in 1948 to witness a surge in the volume of terrifying violence and terrorism against our people, the Gangs “and argon Hagannah” of a massacre at Deir Yassin and other massacres to terrify Expulsion of the Palestinians and the implementation of the “Dalit” Zionism, aimed at the forcible expulsion of Palestinians across the Border, and deporting the largest part of the Palestinian people to 78% of the land of historic Palestine, to West Bank and Gaza and the Arab diaspora and international levels. Prevent our people to return, and fell a martyr in the ten thousand Attempts to return to their towns and villages, despite a United Nations resolution 194 on December 11 1948, which stipulated that it should be allowed to return as soon as possible of the refugees wishing to return To their homes and compensation for those who do not wish to return them.
Been dismantled, the Palestinian leadership and the Palestinian political institutions, particularly after the massacre of Deir Yassin, as a result of the fall of the martyrs of the military leaders, notably Abdul-Qader Al-Husseini, who died In Qastal in April 8, 1948, Abdel Rahim Mahmoud, who died in a tree near the Marap Tiberias in July 13, 1948, as a result of the failure of Arab governments to provide support to the mujahideen Palestinians, but it began in disarming the Arab forces after the entry of Palestinian land and the acceptance Truce.
The Zionist state in the occupied Palestinian territories and occupied 78% of the land of Palestine
Although the partition resolution gave it 56% of our land has been included to the West Bank of Jordan, A Strip under Egyptian military administration, and the land has lost its identity and personality of the Palestinian And then off to Jordan, economic migration and the Gulf states, and spread the rest of the Palestinians in the camps Asylum in the West Bank and Gaza and the diaspora, particularly in Jordan, which received Amwatunain Jordanians, In Syria, which has treated them equally with the citizens, and in Lebanon, Egypt and Iraq. Formed in the Gaza Strip by the end of 1948 the Government of the All-Palestine, and held by the National Council Palestinians in October 1948, but failed to impose its sovereignty over the Palestinian land, or in Achieve recognition, and especially after the annexation of Jericho, West Bank of Jordan, and began to plot Obliterate the Palestinian identity and conceals the name of Palestine, and become “living art” and a document, and means of travel Live main concern for the Palestinians, who covered the agency needs some relief, and failed Attempts at resettlement in Arab countries and the diaspora, as a result of their right to return to Their homes and their property.In those years, joined a large part of the elite Palestinian Islamic ideological party, And nationalism, internationalism, and the Arab regimes dealt with any sign of political repression and Palestinian security services. Ignored the Palestinian national identity and the Palestinian leadership in these difficult circumstances, and left the World, particularly the Arab States of the Palestinian cause, which turned to the issue of refugees, and gave up The Palestinian people of the ability of States and Arab parties and the UN to address the issue of Palestine, Or the ability of the United Nations to return to their homeland Palestine.
Ended the war against Israel in 1949, after the signing of a bilateral armistice agreements between Israel and not Egypt, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon, the loss of Palestine and the establishment of Israel and the displacement of the Palestinian people, Finished entering the defeat of Arab armies, and was stripped of the Holy Jihad arms, did not the “government All-Palestine “, headed by Ahmad Hilmi Pasha, the support and recognition, and were finally forced out of Gaza Strip, as well as Haj Amin al-Husseini in Cairo, which was kept under security control.
Ended the war did not achieve peace, and froze the issue is not war by the Arabs, no peace Desired, the Arab war – the massive Israeli people to see the only solution to break the deadlock, but did not See it as possible, and believed they needed to liberate the Arab will to achieve Arab unity and the overall first, Need to develop the Arab economy and the war machine, then Arabic, and they see that the payment of the war without Is fully ready Torita may not falling, and peace without force, but they also thought impossible That lead to the involvement of treason and surrender.
Was the result of this controversy to accept the status quo, and inertia, which seems to be “the will of the international” The time was the objective, and Israel, however, were not affected by the impasse, they grow and are grown on land bases And flows of migrants by the thousands and growing economic and military capabilities, while the Palestinian people be distracted Taataal and Palestine.
Witnessed the first years of the fifties was held after the earthquake catastrophe in response to the loss of Arab Palestine The defeat of Arab armies, and contributed to the start of the earthquake in the national Palestinian revolution after 23 July 1952 led by Gamal Abdel Nasser, and paved the way for the emergence of Fatah movement, the most notable of the stations of this period was the The inauguration of the units was carried out from Gaza, led by Khalil al-Wazir and the participation of Mohamed El-Hamad, and syphilis And others, in the limited military operations and the pilot in 1954 in Israel, has followed this Beginning the formation of a guerrilla force of the Palestinians under the auspices of the Egyptian officer fighter Mustafa Hafez Commissioned by the Egyptian leadership, and launched from Gaza towards Israel in the operations, continued to By Israel to assassinate him. Abujihaad was the martyrs of Mustafa Hafez was the beginning of armed struggle Vein from the Gaza Strip. Palau and flare demonstrations of such operations in Gaza against the plot in the resettlement March 1955.
Launched the Association of Palestinian students in Cairo in 1948, but caught the activity of trade union And political, when Yasser Arafat was elected student at Cairo University Faculty of Engineering, Chairman of the Association in, Followed in 1954, Salah Khalaf. Launched the armed struggle of the Algerian revolution, and grew National Liberation in Africa and Asia, especially Vietnam’s liberation movement led by Ho Chi Minh and General Jayab which. Was able to triumph over the French in Marap “Dien Ben Fu” in 1954 East for the purchase of arms. In October 1956 launched the tripartite aggression against Egypt, following the nationalization of Suez Canal, and participated in Israel, and the occupation of Gaza and the Sinai, and committed massacres in Gaza and the worst massacres of Khan Younis and Rafah in November 1956 and coincided with the massacre in the denominator HAVRE The Green Line. Occupation led to the ignition of popular resistance in Gaza and the creation of an alliance between the unitary Baathists and Arab nationalists and the Muslim Brotherhood and independent, including Salim Zanoun and several people One of the founders of Fatah movement, and launched “popular resistance” to resist the Israeli occupation. In The same time set up “national movement” in the Gaza Strip from the communists and left-wing figures, the most important independent Dr. Haidar Abdel-Shafi and Jamal Sourani, the political face of the occupation. Gaza caught again Demonstrations following the withdrawal of Israeli forces and the entry of the United Nations, demanding the return of Egyptian Administration To Gaza, and succeeded in demand.
The start of the opening movement
Fatah movement founded in the last quarter of 1957 after a year of Israel’s occupation of Gaza
Gaza, and their precursors was launched from Gaza and the Palestinian diaspora in Cairo, Kuwait, Qatar, Germany, The launch was an important turning point in the march of the Palestinian struggle.Odrat opening of the specificities of the Palestinian issue which is crystallized in its struggle and the revolution launched Palestinian rejection of the contemporary reality is, to put an end to the occupation and the Diaspora, and the opportunity for the people Of the Palestinian self-determination and the establishment of an independent state, through Tthwairh, organization and standardization. As Odrat Open fully the characteristics of the national liberation phase, and the need to mobilize the people of all groups and classes and places Presence. Was to achieve that to avoid conflict and caste block, regional and sectarian, and focused Its efforts to restore the identity of the Palestinian people and land. Odrat also opened the importance of achieving the independence of Will of the Palestinian Arab political system as the official with the association and to maximize the consolidation of the Arab nation And attract support and protection. Saw the opening of Palestine can not wait for the full achievement of Arab unity, Indeed, the struggle for liberation is what creates the best conditions to achieve unity, and that Fatah can not wait To change the Arab world and Arab governments are preparing for a comprehensive Arab-Israeli war, but Hratha Revolutionary would be paid for all ready to go to war to regain Palestine.
Odrat opening of the need to distinguish between primary and secondary contradictions and give priority to work to meet the Contradictions, and the importance of the commitment and work ethic of public revolution, and the crucial need To win friends and allies to the side of our just cause, and the expansion of the camp of those friends and reduce the The enemy, while being careful to avoid all fall in the partial alliances Guardianship, and subordination to anyone. Odrat after opening machine that it should bear the responsibility for ending the stalemate Flooded by the case and the transition to the hard movement, which put an end to the situation of neither peace nor war, which tried to Imposed by the enemy, and change the bitter reality of armed struggle in the way people’s war, and that this would not be Is easy, but it is a difficult task and will be heavy resistance from the brothers and enemies. The events To promote the opening of these premises, where the separation took place Syrian – Egyptian frustrating the dream of Arab unity After the exercise period of three years only, and the Arab countries fail to stop diverting water from the Jordan River to serve Israeli settlement project in the Negev, Israel has embarked in the manufacture of nuclear weapons. Was the Contrary to much wind in the interest of the Arabs and the Palestinian cause.
In January 1964, the Arab summit, the leadership of President Abdel Nasser’s support for the formation of the Organization Represent the Palestinian liberation of the Palestinian people and to maintain the continuation of his case and maintains his or her rights. And if That the Palestinian National Council held the first of the Organization in Jerusalem on May 28 of the same year
And participated by the opening of a number of basic Auadrha Ammthleen for the Palestinians of the diaspora and the homeland, and the Board selected Ahmed Shukairy late president of the organization. WMO has continued to grow Ajbhp Palestinian broad Since its opening in February 1969, and gradually obtained recognition by the world’s only legitimate representative of the people Palestinian. Fatah movement has always been to promote the recognition of the organization, with a view to achieving recognition of the State Independent, and to preserve the legitimacy of the work of one of the Palestinian people.Escalation of commitment to armed struggle to open following the successful experiences of Vietnam and Algeria, and began to open Establish bases in Algeria in 1962 and in Syria in 1964, and decided that the armed Avahaa On behalf of its military wing “Storm”, to launch the armed struggle after the surprise January 1965, and was the first Objectives of the project to divert the Jordan River Valley in the tunnel Ailpon Batov, in response to Israel, and the inability of Arab in the implementation of Arab summit resolutions on this project, which is a vital area of Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and Palestine. Odrat to open military confrontation with the enemy, it creates pressure contribute Create cracks in the inside, as it is also necessary to revolutionize the Palestinian people and unification, and Taouidh Struggle, and to attract popular support Arab and Palestinian cause Tzaer world.
Pint reactions to the start of armed struggle, the supporters and the start of the Mbarain The masses of our Palestinian people, and silent, as did the leadership of the PLO refused to issue Shukairy Statement against the start and committed to silence, to denounce the movement of Arab nationalists, and accused some countries Arab labor to the storm to foreign countries. However, the march of the opening of the storm and continued to numerous and varied Operations and the movement stronger and expanded its influence, and has written Bmzarp to the Arab summit in Casablanca in September 1965, which identified the theoretical principles of the struggle for the Liberation of Palestine, including the willingness To coordinate and cooperate with any Arab or Palestinian, to work for the Liberation of Palestine, and war Editorial and only to the liberation of the Arab nation.
1967 and the defeat of dignity MarapLaunched the armed struggle across the border from Syria and Jordan, and Israel returned to the attack And expansion in June 5, 1967, and defeated the Arab armies and occupied the West Bank and Jerusalem And the Gaza Strip and the Egyptian Sinai to the borders of the Suez Canal and the Syrian Golan and the Palestinian parts of the Lebanon and Jordan. All of the Palestinian land under Israeli occupation, settlement, and included Israel, East Jerusalem, and considered the population of Arabs and expatriate to Israel on June 5, 1967 And giving them the right to stay in Jerusalem!! And then later issued a decision refusing to comply with the Geneva Convention IV On the protection of civilians under occupation after that might have been accepted by the morning of the occupation, and interpreted its That it does not consider itself a country of occupation, and was considered the territory of the West Bank and Gaza “disputed territories”, and Israel’s deportation of 325 people outside of Palestine, and began building settlements and outposts In the West Bank and Gaza.
Decided to open an escalation of the armed struggle inside the home, and entered the martyr leader Abu Amar Arafat Occupied at the end of July 1967 to carry out the strengthening of the opening of the secret service and expansion, the construction of new cells To prepare for a home, and flowed into the open Auadr to Jordan to participate in the revolution and the struggle. In March 21, 1968, took command of movement in its historical dignity in the Hague Jordan Valley to attack an Israeli military tank, despite the violation of that “sites of resistance in Fixed “to the rules of people’s war in the absence of balance of power with the enemy, had to stop by this Samoud Legendary units of the Jordanian army, led by his famous brigade.
Denuded turned to the epic and historic national killed 95 people to open, it created a new reality In the face of the defeat of 1967, and established the existence of the revolution led by Fatah, which was long awaited by the people Palestinian impatience, Vthrat the multitudes of our people is the people of the Arab nation to join the Baharap And the revolution, and warned the Israeli occupation and the refusal to give voice to the world ourselves. Then become open Leading the revolution, and the Palestinian national project, the independent and the movement of President Abdel Nasser’s willingness to Marap of the new framework of “eliminating the consequences of aggression,” he said after the decision of the Khartoum summit, held in August 1967 A decision by the three no’s against Israel, not the peace, no negotiation, no recognition.
Launched the armed struggle of the Palestinian bases in outside the home, increased the strength of the resistance At home in the West Bank and Gaza Strip and inside Israel, which sometimes has its military Measures of repression against our people, the arrest, torture and deportation of each of the affiliated or suspected of membership in the resistance.
Israeli occupation has led to re-establish contact between our people at home, ie, between the West Bank Sector and beyond the Green Line. 1948 was the plight of the children had made contact people behind the line Verde, ignored part fighter, and holding of our people on the basic body in the West Bank and Gaza Strip And in the diaspora. Held our people in the Triangle and the Galilee, Jaffa, the Negev in the face of strong wave of racism against Displaced from home, and on the Palestinian identity and the mind, they are on their own land, citizens of the class II. Who deepened their roots in the ground planted olive Acjr their parents and grandparents, and her Cry “record that I am an Arab” to the sky, declaring the birth of the most important poets of the Arab resistance in the Horn of Century: Mahmoud Darwish and Samih Al-Qasim, and Tawfiq Ziad.
August 21, 1969 in the Al-Aqsa mosque were burned, and destroyed by the fire on the platform, “Salah al-Din”, Israel claimed that Australia is the insane burning, Palestine has been caught, and the Islamic world Angry God, what happened to Islam’s third holiest shrine of Islam, and led the opening of Palestinian action in the The face of Israeli crime, the protection of the Al-Aqsa Mosque. Faltered and Muslim nations to a conference in support of Jerusalem and the Al-Aqsa Mosque, which resulted in the convening of the Islamic Conference in Morocco, led by King Faisal bin Abdul Aziz, the founding of the Organization of Islamic Conference, which was elected Vice Abu Amar always-Chairman, took the King Hussein, the rebuilding of the burned mosque. Emphasized crime and the reaction to her central Jerusalem And sanctities in the heart of Palestinian and Arab and Islamic worlds.
Was the start of the revolution of the rules of Arabic outside the negative consequences on their relations with the Arab And in particular the result of targeting by the Israeli army shelling of the land and the Arab invasion And intimidation. Revolution faced numerous attempts to close the bases and cut off contact with, and had Revolution in defense of the existence and continuity and the right in the struggle against the Israeli occupation and the independence of Its national, wished to fight battles not fought with the armies of three Arab: Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and throughout the following six years, at the same time, a movement in its struggle against the hard Israel.
Jordan was the conflict in the most difficult and most painful, which left a large number of martyrs in The forefront of the central committee members of the Movement of the founders and leaders from the top commander Abdel Fattah Hammoud, in February 1968, which cited the result of an Israeli air raid, and then the two leaders of Abu Sabri July 1971, Abu Iyad, who joined the bridge after three days of testimony in July 27, 1971 after Long siege in the jungles of Jerash.
Part of the transformation of the Palestinian Arab political parties to the fighting factions, particularly Popular Front, Democratic Front and the Struggle Front, the Thunderbolt and the Arab Liberation Front. Joined These groups in turn to the Palestine Liberation Organization within the framework of Palestinian national unity Has always been open to it, but disagreements over the goals and methods of struggle, in addition to the lack of security And the misuse of weapons, caused the problems and errors invested to create a regional tide of anti-revolution in Places exist. Fatah refused to attack Israeli civilians and others, and refused to export to the denuded Outside the home, where she was found in the hijacking and hostage-taking of women and children in contravention of a Vision and strategy of the enemy can use Adhiriep to accuse us of terrorism, by violently The challenge for all international norms.
Crystallized in the opening period, the Arab strategy, which combines Arab affiliation and accreditation Therefore, compliance with the resolution of national and independent, as formulated in the strategy to preserve the national unity Palestine, refused to exclude any Palestinian organization, whatever its size was, and the emphasis on the singularity of representation
Palestinians in the Palestine Liberation Organization, and the prohibition of Palestinian infighting.Transformed into a revolution, from Syria to Jordan, then to Lebanon signed the Cairo Agreement, which the Lebanese Palestinian November 3, 1969, which allowed the Palestinian resistance and the Palestine Liberation Organization Guerilla freedom of action from within Lebanese territory, provided that non-interference in the internal affairs of Lebanon. That was the first time in the history of resistance and organization, which recognizes the formal recognition of their presence on the
The territory of an Arab country. In Lebanon, has embraced the broad sectors of the Lebanese public and the revolutionary forces Hratna and revolution, and enabled the launch of the Revolution and the Arab Bank, is building the most important institutions of Hratna And institutions of the Palestinian Liberation Organization.The political project for the opening of the first: the democratic State
At the end of 1968, having started the revolution and its military strength grew and the general public, if not Must submit a draft of the peace in Palestine, Vantalegt opened its project to establish a political state Allataivip non-racial democracy and the Standard of Christians, Muslims and Jews from the citizens of Palestine, And an end to the racist Zionist entity on the land of Palestine. That was humane and progressive approach in containing It ready to accept the other on the land of Palestine and refused to accept racial entity settlement On this earth. This approach was a Palestinian and international attention and wide, and is adopted by the National Council Palestinian strategic objective of the struggle of the Palestinian political work has been successful in attracting and media Substantial popular support based on the new proposal, but a small number of Israeli adoption of the proposal And rejected by the majority of those who consider themselves from the peace camp in Israel, preferring to put Project the two neighboring countries, one of the State of Palestine in the West Bank and Gaza, and the second state
Israel, the land of historic Palestine and a way to lasting peace.Continued the armed struggle led by the Palestinian Fatah movement launched from Lebanese territory, and Israel to step up raids and attacks on the forces of the revolution in Lebanon, and Lebanese villages in the south Lebanon, and within the Palestinian territory, at the same time Thrat the Palestinian masses in the interior, In response to the Israeli plots. Joined the Fatah movement of Lebanese Auadr important, this has led the staff after That the start of the Lebanese resistance against Israeli occupation after the departure of Palestinian forces from Lebanon, The experience of Arab and launched a unique fusion of public and revolutionary forces of aggression against the Arab Israel. Played at this stage to open a lead role in supporting the national liberation Hraat in the world, Especially in Africa and Latin America, carrying the torch of the revolution after the revolutionary victory of Vietnam.
April 9, 1973 in Israel, in an attempt to eliminate the revolution and the assassination of their leaders,
A terrorist in Beirut, which killed two members of the committee of the central movement of Abu Yousef Al Najjar and hopes
Aggression, as cited by the hopes of Nasser al-Member, Executive Committee of the Organization, and the wife of the martyr Abu Yusuf Najjar. This process was followed by a limited terrorist confrontations with the Lebanese army, ended interventions Arabic. To pre-empt any problems before the war, internal 1973.Egypt led the Arab liberal offensive in the first war against the Israeli occupation. War of 1973 brought a significant change in the balance of power with Israel, which has participated in the revolution On the front of Lebanon and the Syrian and Egyptian, and the result of the war receded under the Israeli occupation on the Sinai and parts of the Jordan Valley and from the Golan, and after years of decline under the occupation of the South Lebanon, as the accounts of the forces have changed and grown the world’s attention to access to regional adjustments leading to multi -338 and the borders of 1967, and start the process of a comprehensive Arab-Israeli peace based on resolutions 242 Of a peace conference in Geneva. Was for the start of the Palestinian revolution and the war of 1973 thanks in translation Change the Arab world, and to end the stalemate the international situation and the starting of the war to try to achieve peace Representation.
Motion passed in re-opening consideration of strategic accounts and open the door wide Of meetings and conferences to discuss the new changes and the proposed strategy and the movement of Through its leadership, the central committee and the Revolutionary Council, not of what it lost a historic opportunity New accounts in the new Arab and international, for the restoration of Palestinian rights. Council adopted the National 12 Ten-Point Program, which welcomed the establishment of a Palestinian national authority on any / 6 / then in 1974 Part of the Palestinian territory to be liberated, or under occupation, reducing it, to put the program mark Progress to accept “the draft states” through negotiations, under international law, leading to The restoration of the inalienable national rights of the Palestinian Arab people to liberate their territory and return to it.
Following the escalation of the international recognition of the PLO and the rights of the Palestinian people In the Arab summit conferences, and in international forums, after the call on Chairman Arafat to take a disturbed The historic United Nations General Assembly in November 1974, which launched the slogan “Rebel rifle And the olive branch, “and after the important decisions of the General Assembly that followed.
Faced with the movement of the opening of many plots, including plots to question, and psychological campaigns, And intellectual terrorism, political solutions and initiatives of America, which was the aim to confuse the issue Liberalization, there were also attempts to contain the revolution and the imposition of trusteeship, in spite of this, Has been opened, is the leader of the march, the leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization, to be recognized by the Arab world 26 October 1974, the sole legitimate representative of the people – the seventh Arab summit conference in Rabat, 30 Palestinian, and in the same year, after a speech Abu Amar, recognized by the United Nations General Assembly, in Member observer; and allowed to participate in all sessions, conference sessions, and Al and the enforcement of international Held under the auspices of the General Assembly; as well as those held under the auspices of United Nations bodies.
That period also witnessed the discharge of the Palestinian institutions in Lebanon, Vantalegt research centers And planning studies, and the Palestinian Red Crescent, founded by Fathi Arafat, where tens of Hospitals in Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, Sudan, Yemen and Palestine, and the remaining economic The Scientific Committee, and the Cubs, and the school children of the martyrs, and the development of the media work through Common media, and the WAFA news Oaalp Palestine revolution, and the start of the Palestinian diplomatic action, under the leadership of Open to all over the world.
The Lebanese civil war epic, and the championship, and steadfastness in Beirut
Escalation of conspiracy against Lebanon and the Palestinian revolution to achieve these political victories, and found Revolution immersed themselves in the midst of a devastating civil war in Lebanon tried to avoid them in every way the political To no avail, the lives of thousands of Palestinian martyrs and the Lebanese, which was the worst days of massacres Alkrentina The slaughterhouse in January 1976, which directly followed the massacre of Damour, and then the massacre of Tel Zaatar 12 August 1976 after a siege of 50 days. Syrian troops entered Lebanon and took control of it, And lost the opening description of the best Auadrha, and was martyred Javad Naim Azmi and small and Hanna Mikhail(Abu Amar) in the introduction to the opening of a convoy of martyrs who gave their lives in defense of the revolution. Children participated The cubs opening in the defense of the Revolution, and was Abu Amar called “Alarbejih children.”
On March 30, 1976 swept the Palestinian public in Israel in protest at the confiscation of The Israeli government for thousands of dunums of Palestinian land behind the Green Line and transfer to Closed military areas. Israeli police attacked the demonstrators, killing six of them and wounding 96 And 300 arrested that day and turned bloody noisy to “Earth Day”, which renews the day Israel, Palestinians to preserve the land, the land on which Itzaron, which have been plundered and with deep roots, and the world Ivaron Israeli crime and deprived them of their land.
Avah did not stop the movement of Fatah against Israel, despite the difficulties they faced in Lebanon. In 11 March 1978 launched a commando led by Dalal Moroccan militant in the heart of the Israeli entity, has In which Israel suffered heavy losses, and Dalal and colleagues cited in the process. That were not participating The first Palestinian women in the armed struggle, has been a surge of women’s participation in all forms of struggle, And then played a major role in the uprising of the stones in the occupied Palestine.
In November 19, 1977 by Egyptian President Anwar Sadat’s surprise visit to Jerusalem, addressed the During which the Knesset and a project for peace with Israel, was followed by negotiations, the Egyptian Aamb David — September 17, 1978 Aartr the auspices of the American President, and the signing of the Treaty of Peace – the Israeli 5 Egyptian-Israeli relations in Washington on March 25, 1979, which withdrew troops which the Israel from Egyptian territory occupied in the June 1967.
Egypt started to negotiate with Israel on Palestinian self-rule in the West Bank and Gaza However, Egypt did not complete these negotiations, and referred to the PLO as the legitimate representative And only for the Palestinian people. Convention has to get out of Egypt in practice arena of military conflict Arab-Israeli, and to a temporary estrangement between Egypt and the Arab States, which led to the loss of an important paper In the struggle against Israel. Conference was held in Fez in November 1981, and participated in the Arab countries where Al except Egypt, Syria rejected the plan of Saudi Arabia’s King Fahd to resolve the crisis in the Middle East.
Fez summit after the first 1981, the epic event and steadfastness in Beirut, where the Israel attack on Lebanon in June 1982 and occupied the south in the face of the steadfastness of the legendary Castle Shaqif access to the besieged Beirut for 88 days failed in undermining the steadfastness of the Revolution And the Lebanese national forces, and ended the Israeli siege of an international agreement of a declaration of the President Ronald Reagan, the American draft of the peace, and the deportation of our troops and our leadership and part of the cadres in the Our organization to Tunisia and Arab countries are multiple. Provided young people to open their arms to the Lebanese, who led the then Lebanese resistance against Israel. Her leadership, led by Commander Abu Amar from Beirut, and exited Lebanese leaders and the public file and forces in the port of Beirut, and when asked where you Abu Amar? Said: I’m going to Palestine. Abu Amar carried out his promise, after twelve years of his release from Lebanon.
Israel completed its withdrawal of troops after masterminding the massacre of Sabra and Shatila, which has The lives of thousands of children, women and men in these camps brave. Israel tried to use Deir Yassin, a new displacement of Palestinians residing in Lebanon to a new immigrant, but the Palestinians after War of 1967 they decided to stability and resilience as they are, to return to their homeland.
Resulted in the occupation of Beirut, including a split in the exit Hratna supported by the forces of Arab official Emphasized that the movement is destroying the object and put it under the domination and power, and killed a great military commander is Al-Saad Sayel central committee member of the Fatah movement in the Bekaa Valley in September 29, 1982, joining his brother
Central committee member Majed Abu Sharar, who was assassinated in Rome on 9 October 1981, but the return President Arafat and Abujihaad and part of the Fatah leadership to Tripoli in September 1983 to write their
Another epic, with the steadfastness of our people in the refugee camps of Nahr al-Bared and Beddawi, contributed to expose the conspiracy And the collapse of the split and left the Abu Amar and Palestinian troops to Tripoli and then to Egypt and Yemen, had been Egypt received the protection and welcome, what open the door for reconciliation, which have contributed to the return of Egypt to play a Historic role in supporting the Palestinian cause and other Arab issues. Also emerged as the Saudi role And support the legitimacy of the French, against the directions to the construction of movement and the removal of the PLO And change its legitimacy.Received Tunisia hosted the Palestinian leadership and 12 years old, did not allow the command to deadlock That our case to leak again. Movement which was able to restore the Palestinian national unity House and restoration of the Palestinian political, and the rebuilding of the Palestine Liberation Organization, held during the Conference V occur, and was able to move through the leadership of the Arab and international levels to consolidate the Palestinian legitimacy The leadership of the PLO and the National Council held in Amman XVII in November 24, 1984 despite Province of the left forces (the forces of the Democratic Alliance), and successfully opened and factions allied with the independent To consecrate the Palestinian legitimacy. Then if the “move the joint Palestinian-Jordanian” in the February 11 1985 towards achieving a just settlement of the Palestinian issue, which included the approval of the PLO, however, express 242 and the decision to accept the Organization’s principle of the formation of a Palestinian-Jordanian delegation to peace negotiations.
Resolution 242 and accept the principle of the formation of the Organization, Palestinian-Jordanian delegation to peace negotiations. Continued inflammation in the Lebanese arena and the escalation of provocations against the Palestinian elements that
Exploded war camps in June 1985, this war has lasted nearly three years, resulting By the hundreds of martyrs and the destruction of homeless camps and their inhabitants, as has been waging a campaign against the leadership question Organization and to support the separatist movement within the movement.Faced with the opening of the Palestinian cause and the most difficult circumstances, Vantalegt movement Aadp break the deadlock, And create new conditions for national action, to achieve national unity and revolutionizing the situation at home.
Uprising stones:
After a few months of the monotheistic eighteenth session of the Palestine National Council Algeria in April 1987 the Palestinian anger exploded in the face of the occupation in December 9, 1987 The movement succeeded in launching the first intifada (uprising of stones), and to provide support to Al, and in the transfer of The struggle inside, in the face of the enemy directly, not through the Arab borders, a goal that struggled Fatah movement for many years to accomplish. And formed a unified national leadership in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, which emphasized Always on its relationship with the PLO and its commitment to heritage whether they arm at home in the The intifada, and refused to Hrata Jihad and Hamas to join the unified command. Intifada broke
The methods of civil disobedience and peaceful struggle limited violence, and his main stone, which has given Name of the Intifada. Launched the intifada, Fatah-led, creative Avaha drew the attention of the world, in which Al Man, woman and child in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, “The children of the stone,” the experience of struggle under the new Courage on the experience of their fellow “Alarbejih children.” Has also the role of Palestinian women, which appeared in the Israel clashes with Jund al-protect the children of the stones with ferocity, as has emerged to support the Palestinians in line Green for their brothers in Gaza and the West Bank, materially and politically, and made the intifada for the first time since June 1967 a chapter on the ground of the West Bank and Gaza from Israel, converted to the separation of political and intellectual Of the occupied Palestinian territory away from the hegemony of Israel and normalize relations with Israel.After three months of the start of the Intifada and a result of which, the U.S. Secretary of State Schulz A visit to the region, offering a political initiative to resolve the limited Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and refused to Command was introduced, and leadership refrained from home and boycotted the meeting, and succeeded in the Movement and the Organization Thraadtha escalation of political campaigns and to raise international recognition of Palestinian rights and the development of the draft Palestinian peace, to be submitted to the National Council.
Israeli military has stepped up repression of the uprising against the crimes committed against our people, Valuable and plunged thousands of prisons and detention centers, and the assassination of the leader of the uprising, the Emir of the martyrs of Abu Jihad in Tunisia in April 16, 1988, fell the following day, fifty people in Palestine, to protest against the To assassinate him.
In July 31, 1988 King Hussein announced disengagement from the West Bank and Jordan stressed And stood by the struggle of the Palestinian people, led by the PLO, but this step had been taken Without any consultation with the PLO, the Arab and international climate unsuitable, it created a disturbance And especially among the Palestinians in Jordan, but they contributed to the push towards the Declaration of the State And to introduce a Palestinian-Palestinian peace.
The declaration of the State and a Palestinian peace:
Palestinian National Council in the nineteenth, which was held in Algiers on November 15 1988, President Arafat declared an independent State of Palestine, and obtained the support of the Council of the draft Palestinian peace, which provides for an independent Palestinian state with Jerusalem as its capital in the West Bank and Gaza, after the Of a full Israeli withdrawal, and reaffirm the right of refugees to return.
Ten days before the Declaration of the State, was the 52 States have recognized, and started after the Conference Broad international movement, met with the impact the United Nations General Assembly in Geneva, following the rejection of The United States to grant Arafat a visa to the United States in December 13, 1988 meeting Especially to hear an address by Yasser Arafat, who addressed the United Nations presented the project Palestinians on the basis of United Nations resolutions 242 and 338, and the United Nations issued a resolution 43/176, which called for an international peace conference with the participation of the Palestine Liberation Organization on the basis of Equal basis with other parties, and go after the American-Palestinian dialogue in the first formal Tunisia.
This is not political progress possible, but for the Intifada and the steadfastness of movement and the wisdom of its leadership, and Hratna Intense international and successful. The intifada has changed significantly in the form of the Palestinian “terrorist” to “Victim”, which is facing the executioner Israeli courage and determination, led to a shift within Israel itself.
Israelis are convinced the result of the steadfastness of the Palestinians and the insurgency, civil and armed resistance is limited Violence, that the Palestinian people will not give up, whatever was the strength and resources, and their abandonment of the Their settlement on the West Bank and Gaza Strip if they want a safer and peaceful world.Earthquake major uprising caused Israeli casualties. Started the movement “Peace Now” And “women, clad in black” and others calling for withdrawal from the West Bank and Gaza, and by the State of Palestine By Israel, and avoid a large number of young Israelis from military service in the army of occupation. The uprising was the boiling at home and inflame the sentiments of Arab rights in each place, and was the Movement Work at home and abroad to support the uprising, and investment protection and results in the service of the general course of the case Palestine.
Gulf War
In those days there have been important developments in a serious global, as the land of Iraq attacked Kuwait in The first of August 1990 and occupied, and the American army has recruited internationally to “liberate Kuwait” and the defeat of Iraq, and then America withdrew from Iraq after the destruction of his army and the imposition of a no-fly zones to the north and south, To encourage separatist movements in which the movement, a fleet of war skills and permanent military bases in Gulf. The Palestinian leadership called for the withdrawal of Iraqi forces and tried to play the role of reconciliation in the The start of the Iraqi invasion, a role played by President Arafat in Kuwait and the other, but the appreciation It was wrong, refused to Kuwait and the Gulf states mediating the Palestinian and expected us to play a supportive role to meet the Iraqi invasion, which increased the difficulty of our position on the formation of the international campaign led by the United States of America Risk to our view that the entire Arab region, and has divided the Arab countries on the situation to them Hrzina increase the difficulty of our position. We have a high price a result of this war, the deportation of 250.000 Palestinians from Kuwait, to take away from the Gulf and Saudi support for many years after the end of the war, The assassination of leaders and martyrs of Abu Iyad, and the Sphinx of the central committee members of the Fatah movement and the martyr Abu Mohammed, Night of the attack on Iraq in the air Jan 15 1991.
The Soviet Union collapsed and ended the cold war, and we lost a friend, as the Soviet Iraq, Kuwait and the Gulf of support, and the imposition of that we need to reconsider our strategy in the interim. Emerged Unipolar world, America, which reduced the pluralism in the international policy-making, and used to the maximum End its military superiority in the technical and economic influence on our region and the world.
Felt the U.S. administration after its victory in the Gulf War that the opportunity to make an effort Intense diplomacy in the Middle East through Almkoaip tour of U.S. Secretary of State Baker, And sought to hold the peace conference in Madrid in October 1991, describing it as a chance to reshape the Middle East of the future is to govern its destiny, and considered in resolving the issue of the Arab-Israeli conflict a chance to achieve Stability and ensure the flow of oil after it has dominated its resources. The view that there is a chance to open must be Seized and, in particular, that the intifada has strengthened the position of the Palestinian leadership in the quest for a peaceful settlement with the The occupying Power, to end the occupation, which was after the June 5, 1967, including Jerusalem and the An independent Palestinian state with Jerusalem as its capital, the resolution of the refugee problem on the basis of resolution 194.
Had the opportunity of a new move for peace, Vantalegt Palestinian National Liberation Movement “Fatah” is trying to take advantage of the opportunity to liberate the homeland.
The peace process and the establishment of the Palestinian National Authority:
American launched a few days after the end of the Gulf War, the call to the Madrid Peace Conference, Used by the Department of American financial pressure to persuade the Prime Minister Shamir of Israel to participate in the Conference. The Arab States and the world, and we had after intensive discussions and meetings to accept Participate in the unjust conditions, in accordance with Bmcharatna in the Jordanian delegation – led by a Palestinian Jordan, in which not one in Jerusalem or even the Palestinians of the Diaspora, or from the leaders of the PLO Palestine. America has tried to satisfy those requirements through Israel on the one hand, and the exclusion of the Palestine, on the other, the beginning of an alternative leadership to the area from the inside in order to replace the leadership of the And the leadership of the Palestine Liberation Movement, but the intifada raging in the West Bank and Gaza Strip were not to allow any People to defy the Palestinian legitimacy, and to take the place of the historic leadership, led by Yasser Arafat, Israel has tried before without success, and create an alternative leadership in the interior of the heads of Municipal and village ties, and the members of the negotiating team fully committed to the Palestinian leadership Liberation Organization, and the form of the negotiating team Bquadrh struggling at home and abroad in the new experiment Political action, the joint Fatah-led and contributed to the PLO factions.
Central Council decided to adopt the recommendation of the Joint Command and the Executive Committee to respond Of the American peace initiative, so as not to miss the historic opportunity in the wake of an unprecedented international changes, And Arab unity is fragile and lacks efficiency, after the Gulf War, which divided the Arabs into two camps. Go to the U.S. move to convene the Madrid Conference under the slogan of “land for peace” for the implementation of 338, was launched after the conference and the parallel bilateral negotiations between Israel and Al simultaneously, resolutions 242 From Palestine, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon, following the successful attempts to dismantle the Palestinian-Jordanian group Common to the Palestinian delegation, led by Dr. Haidar Abdel Shafi, a Jordanian and the other led by Dr Abdul Salam Majali, and Palau have these bilateral negotiations are several other parties, was launched in Moscow and discussed the In the social and economic issues and security, including the refugee issue.
Negotiations did not succeed and overcome the obstacles in Washington and the Israeli procrastination, said Shamir After that he was wanted for these negotiations to continue without the result of ten years, filling the occupied Palestinian During which the settlements, but Israel Shamir lost the election and was replaced at the head of the Rabin Led the Labor Party supported the Arab parties in Israel, Meretz, Shas and Peres became Minister For Foreign Affairs. Started secret negotiations between Israel and the delegation of the Palestine Liberation Organization in Oslo Under the auspices of the Government of Norway, during the period of change in U.S. leadership of the Republican Party led by Bush Father, to the Democratic Party, headed by Bill Clinton and achieving a measure of success were not management American expectations.
In September 13, 1993 was signed the Agreement on Principles reached in Oslo between the organization And Israel at the White House in Washington, who then moved on to Oslo. Agreement emerged from the idea And gradual progress in reaching a solution to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. The text of the agreement on the governance Self-transition in the West Bank and Gaza, with Jerusalem, launched from Gaza and Jericho, under the administration of the Palestinian Authority Designated by the Palestine Liberation Organization, then the organization is holding general elections under international supervision To elect a “Council of the Authority.” Defer the key issues to a later stage without losing any of the parties On the demands in these cases. However, the Oslo agreement was not clear in the need to stop the machine to the settlement While the resolution in the final solution. Started negotiations after an agreement of principles “Gaza and Jericho,” to begin the implementation of Agreement of Principles, the text of the agreement on starting negotiations, the final solution, or in parallel respectively with the That the negotiations take place in the final period of not more than five years of access to the Gaza And Jericho. Negotiated a final settlement on the key issues are excluded from the transitional phase, namely: Borders, Jerusalem, refugees, settlements, security and relationships, and have included water.
Already signed an agreement of mutual recognition between the PLO and the Government of Israel The exchange of letters recognizing Israel down our institutions in Jerusalem and the need for development, and is committed to protecting Our Christian and Muslim there. Oslo was the main knots absence of an explicit stop A settlement that will be fully agree on final borders, either the quick pace in Israel Attempt to “Judaize” Jerusalem, during the transition period, ignoring the exchange of letters around. Land has been And especially in Jerusalem and its environs, the heart of the problem, and if we add the Israeli position on the issue of refugees, Clear the dimensions of Israel’s designs, and make it very difficult for our cause.
Committee adopted the central and the Revolutionary Council, and adopted by the Council of the Organization of Central PLO, the signing of the agreement was followed by intensive negotiations sponsored by Egypt, Taba and Cairo, To translate it into a detailed operational agreement, signed in Cairo in May 4, 1994 agreement known as the Strip – Jericho, and came immediately after the Palestine Liberation Army troops to the Gaza Strip and Jericho, the army withdrew Except for two areas of Israeli settlements and border crossings and borders. In the first of June 1994 the Council established Central and the Palestinian National Authority President Yasser Arafat has chosen as its Chairman, and a ministry The first Palestinian.
Brother Abu Ammar has returned home in early July, and returned with him or after the largest part of the leadership Movement and the PLO factions, and a large number of Palestinian citizens Auadrha is more than numbers 250.000 Palestinian and Palestinian, and a large number of them still live in a land without a nation’s identity Official, in spite of the Israeli promises to end this anomaly. Ended after the expulsion and deportation process Marj Flowers in the year 1992, and returned most of the exiles, and began the transfer of authority from Israel to power Palestine.
A convoy of martyrs of the movement of the central committee, at the time it was the most in need of bid And support, and deprives the movement one of the founding leaders of Abu Saeed, Khalid Hassan, in October 1994 is ARCHES after Subhi Abu, Abu Mundhir, which was the Palestinian ambassador in Riyadh.
Interim Agreement was signed in Washington in November 1995, entered the Israeli withdrawal from the Major cities in the West Bank. A few days later a Jewish extremist assassinated Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin is to seek peace in the areas of greater Tel Aviv. Rabin was killed in an attempt to halt the march of Peace and to prevent the delivery of the West Bank to the Palestinians. Perez took the post-judgment, and the implementation of part of the largest Agreed to withdraw, but refused to withdraw from Hebron, and asked to postpone the withdrawal until after the Elections.
Was presidential and legislative elections, the success of the Palestinian, was elected leader of Abu Ammar Chairman of the Authority, was elected as a Legislative Council, the majority of the members of the Fatah movement, Hamas boycotted the Elections. Hamas at the Palestinian people and the joy of celebrations of the liberation of the main West Bank cities (Except Hebron and Jerusalem) a series of acts of bombing in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv and Ashkelon, resulting in the killing of Dozens of Israeli civilians, the Israeli army shelled a Lebanese massacre which led to Appalling. Contributed to the Hamas bombing of Qana and the crime drop in the Labor Party in Israeli elections Netanyahu was elected President of the right-wing coalition led by the Likud Party, and began the process of peace in the face of Difficulties and paralysis.
The positives of the Palestinian National Authority and achievements:
Was for the Palestinian National Authority in 1994 on the land of Palestine effects are important, they may Opened the door to substantial international recognition and rights of the Palestinian people, as the result of a peace process Supported by the world. Recognition came from the West, America, Europe, Canada and Japan, and developed with this Recognition of the relations with these countries forty who has a representative office in Palestine, and the States The status of the offices of the organization, the organization has regained its embassies in Eastern Europe, and developed Powers, and recognition of the organization has grown in the United Nations and international organizations, and the decisions that have evolved Issued for the benefit of the Palestinian cause.
The Authority has also led to the signing of a series of agreements with Israel, the occupying Power, to prove The independent Palestinian entity, as led to the signing of agreements on equal footing in relations with Israel International economic, Aatvaqat free trade with America and Canada, the Agreement on partnership with the European Union, And the Barcelona process, the Agreement on partnership with the “carry” the most important of Norway and Switzerland. Recognized world passport Palestinian travel, and the international dial-Eod of Palestine and the registration of the Internet, and I joined the organization E-World, and the evolution of its dealings with the World Bank and International Monetary Fund and other institutions International. These agreements paved the start of building the institutions of power in the forthcoming Palestinian state.
Much has been accomplished in the political, constitutional and economic order in the years that followed
Year 1994 until the end of the year 2000:The elected Legislative Council to pass new laws and limited between Gaza and the West Bank, and approved a Essential “interim constitution” of the Authority, and completed part of a major conflict of the Ottoman and British laws The Egyptian and Jordanian, which was the prevailing before the establishment of the Palestinian Authority. Built hundreds of schools authority And classes, doubled the number of students than was the case under the occupation, and built hospitals and universities In the major cities in the West Bank and Gaza. Was able to achieve a balance between the revenues collected by the Taxes, fees and ongoing expenses, using the financial aid provided by donors in financing Economic development plans and the Authority has issued a long-and medium-term economic development, thereby curtailing The dominance of the World Bank on its plans and policies.
Transformation of the annual deficit and the economic stagnation to rapid growth in national income in the past
1999 and 2000, more than 8% per year, as was the construction and operation of the international airport in Gaza and launched
Airlines to a Palestinian Arab capitals and other States, was launched in the industrial zones
Gaza and the West Bank, and set up sewage systems and drinking water throughout the home, gas was detected
Normal to the shores of Gaza and began drilling for extraction.Plant was constructed to generate electricity in the Gaza Strip in cooperation with the private sector, company and an independent Palestinian Telephone, and extended communications networks, roads, and the commencement of the building of the port, and re-building the heart of Bethlehem And its suburbs to mark the two thousandth anniversary of the birth of Jesus Christ. Developed in other Palestinian cities, especially Gaza And Ramallah, Nablus and Hebron. Authority has established a successful banking system which led to the proliferation of private banks And the growth of deposits, and established a bank Mrazia “Monetary Agency” for the control of banks and financial market in the modern Nablus.
Launched the private sector to build housing, factories, shops and develop the cultivation of flowers and fruits And vegetables for export, and launched information and communication industry Bcrap fixed telephone And mobile services and the Internet, and the production of software and computers, as the stone industry has developed and clothing And furniture and has contributed to the development of the Palestinian industrial exports.
Israel’s continued settlement:
Despite the progress in the peace process, which was during the Rabin and Peres; where continued Israeli withdrawal from Palestinian towns and villages, and the negotiations are in many cases, however, Did not stop settlement activity, particularly in Jerusalem and its surroundings, resulting in settlements in the vicinity of Bethlehem To the peoples of a large explosion, and in the Jabal Abu Ghneim to the largest explosion. Israel might negotiate with the theme “Land for peace,” while
settler colonial project to deepen the occupation and theft of Earth! There is no doubt that the continuation of the settlement was the most important factors that Ahevc inability of the Oslo agreement, and as a result of After the failure of the peace process.Netanyahu took power after Shimon Peres, and has escalated in the settlement with the delay in the delivery of Earth and the implementation of the agreements, the negotiations stalled on the final solution fully. Led by the Israeli Government Digging a tunnel under the Temple Mount to the uprising of the tunnel in September 25, 1996, which lasted three days Killed about 80 people.
Palau and the rule of the success of Netanyahu Clinton President in the presidential election for a second term, has resulted in the behavior of Netanyahu Government to the collision of a U.S. – Israeli, pressured by the American Administration on Netanyahu to achieve Withdrawal from Hebron, and then to sign the Wye River agreement in the 23 October 1998, which has not been implemented, however, which Netanyahu Fell after a small part of his government. President Arafat has been invited to the White House in that period of four Ten times, and his family visited Clinton Gaza, Bethlehem and Jerusalem, and attended a meeting of the National Council Palestinian, who was during the amendment of the Charter. The Israeli elections, which succeeded Ehud Barak, the party Work on the issue, but he continued to procrastinate by his predecessor, Benjamin Netanyahu, did not achieve some progress, And popular resistance mounted against the settlement, and for the liberation of prisoners of war, exploded in an uprising of prisoners, Barak and treated with great cruelty.
Was to disrupt the negotiations, the final solution in the reigns of Netanyahu and Barak, Palestinian multi-reactions, President Arafat is the most important move for international support for the recognition of the State of Palestine on the ground Palestinian in the West Bank and Gaza, Jerusalem as its capital, has led the move to international support for the idea, acknowledged European Summit in Berlin in March 25, 1999 that the right of self-determination includes the right of the Palestinians in the State of Independent and sovereign nation.
Shortcomings in the functioning of the:
Performance was not very successful, the Palestinian National Authority, has faced many problems and pitfalls. Our experience was the Limited in power, which was the Israeli obstacles to the provision and more specific powers, particularly with Bhrap respect of persons and goods, and control over land, water and natural resources. We have lived in Authority is completely blocked and the Israeli forces and to occupy live obsession security, invoked to deal with each Attempt to start the development and the restoration of sovereignty, concern has grown that and stepped up to thwart the use of Adhiriep The peace process, the growth of the bombings carried out by Hrata Hamas and Islamic Jihad against Israeli civilians, Have contributed to these processes with the ideological refusal to hand over the land to its Palestinian owners, in the escalation of Resistance to the Israeli right to the peace process, and to stop any progress towards a final solution.
Resistance to the Israeli right to the peace process, and to stop any progress towards a final solution. Lived under the Israeli regime’s fear of the “Palestinian demographic bomb”, also And therefore suffered the horror of the return of refugees, thus, the settlement stems from greed, ideological Zionist, and the preoccupation with security, which may be behind the suicide bombings and nutrition, demographic and terror Racial (fear of growing numbers of Palestinians) was the most important reasons for the failure of the peace process
Has some of the manifestations of poor administration in power, and some of the manifestations of corruption, especially in those Activities are not subject to the oversight and growth during the close cooperation between those responsible for the performance of these activities, And the leaders of the security establishment, and resulted in the emergence of centers forces infiltrated into the organization of movement. Grown Centers of power to open the channels of its legitimacy beyond the kinetic. Found in the Israeli media the issue of corruption The pretext of a successful attack power, transmission of uncertainty around their constituencies, and Vdkhmha by power Whole, and then created between the donors, who said to them that the movement of opening and maintaining of the billions of dollars in Foreign balance their uncontrolled, while the Israelis was the first for the fans of the activities Beyond control.
Disrupted the legislative elections and local conferences as kinetic disrupted, and thus missed an Democratic renewal, and serious dialogue within the frameworks, and thus reduced the people’s control of the government, but And power in general. Overlapping functions of the functions of governance of national liberation and the building of state institutions, and A small number of cadres of the authority more often limits of responsibility, authority, however, beyond the legitimate powers.
The authority faced many problems due to “take the hand of law” and the inability of the Palestinian judiciary from Role in achieving compliance with the law and justice and to deter criminals and violators of the law, and may cause The President is due to the inability of the security establishment to provide protection for judges and their sentences, which contributed to the loss of The prestige of the judiciary and public prosecution and the loss of independence.
Transmission command to the home and concern about the problems of governance and the permanent settlement and the Israeli procrastination, Diminished the role of the Palestine Liberation Organization, and in particular the role of foreign leaders and institutions, had Auadrha Movement for the recruitment and management processes in construction, sometimes seems there is a duplication and conflict between Organization and Authority.
Was the opening of the movement before returning to the country based on its strength and its people and funding to Auadrha and supporters, It is the support organization, it became the opposite direction. Peat resources and reduced movement and increased Power to adopt their children, which has become “official” home base, and increased the number of staff Particularly in the security services due to shrinking employment opportunities and constraints Almarqlat Israel.
The Palestinian diaspora has suffered from the lack of political role became to the largest part of the control Without the actual participation, except to send money to relatives at home and deposits in banks Palestinian, and several economic projects Oatav the Palestinian private sector from outside Home. But the average citizen in the Diaspora and the increased concern is impossible to exaggerating received information on the Corruption and mismanagement, and the perceived failure of the peace process and the difficulty of his visit to the nation and feared, even though Statements made our positions clear and, from the sacrifice of the right of refugees to return, and the denial of The vision of his homeland. Escalated the problems of national unity among our people at home and abroad, and among the West Bank and Gaza Strip, and between refugees and the “citizens”, and between the returnees and the “resident”, and Israel obstructed the movement of Of people between Gaza and the West Bank, including the prevention of Gaza students from studying at universities in the West Bank to deepen the divide Between the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Reunification and stop the movement of visitors after the year 1995, Israel has cited that the “Visiting” the Palestinians are not leaving and returning home to the diaspora after the end of the specific residence, although That the Oslo agreement was provided for the return of “displaced 1967″ all of us to home in the interim period.
These problems are all reflected on the organization and effectiveness of movement, growing signs of a “clash of generations”, And the role of commander Bidinamikith outstanding, and diminished the role of kinetic leadership, in particular the Committee The central and the Revolutionary Council, and the growing role of security services.
David Aamb the failure of negotiations and the outbreak of the Al Aqsa Intifada
Barak is Bmmatalth payment and Tsuifa David Aamb to the top of the United States, refused to implement any The withdrawal or partial implementation of the agreements concluded before reaching a final agreement at the summit, despite the The positive role played by President Clinton to bring the views of Palestinian and Israeli, but the Rift was the often wider prospects of each bridge compromise.
If the ceiling was of “Barak” is ready to access it is much lower than the minimum If we can accept. How you can be to President Arafat, the leader of the Palestinian national liberation movement and a leading The Palestinian national project, to accept the return of only 79% of the West Bank, leading to the emergence of Aantonat small non-Palestinian, Israeli settlements, siege, and a solution to the problem of refugees Only the return of 5000 refugees from Lebanon in the coming ten years, provided that they have left Palestine in the year 1948 on their feet, that is, aged over sixty years, and Israeli hegemony To all the external borders, especially in the Jordan Valley, and Israeli control of the waters and skies, and the return Parts of East Jerusalem with sovereignty over the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Islamic and Christian sacred? How You can motion to approve that the solution??
Abu Ammar was rejected and the members of the Fatah leadership, who were with him in the acceptance of these negotiations This solution.
Was no difference before it is final, and an interview that if we give up on any individual claim or A collective right. There was of the view that such an opportunity that must not be lost, but the difference between the final solution And a large transition, in the interim solution could be to add to your balance as Al can be obtained in Stage, while in the final solution does not get put of your rights, at least for a generation or For a number of generations to come.
Continued attempts to improve the solution through 53 of the negotiating meetings, were all between Aamb David and Taba negotiations, which took place at the end of January 2001, was its most important proposals in the Clinton Late December, and what was proposed in Taba, the withdrawal of Israelis from 97% of the land in the West Bank And reciprocally with the territory occupied in 1948, ideas and more progress in addressing the issues of Jerusalem and security And refugees. Barak refused to hold any agreement and insisted on the postponement of negotiations until after the elections Israel’s defeat by the Labor Party, and his party in the coalition government led by Sharon, and ended Negotiations fail.
The uprising that erupted after Sharon’s visit to the Al-Aqsa Mosque in September 28, 2000, has Continued – except for a few incidents in Ramallah and Nablus – a peaceful little violence Haalp the first Intifada, And achieved tangible results in improving the solution to what is proposed in Taba, and the child martyr Muhammad Dorra model of death and suffering in the face of Israeli repression, and if the small fighter, martyr “Knight return the” hero of Al-Aqsa Intifada is a model unique to the Palestinian David, who defied the tanks Israeli Bmqlaah, until the moment of his death in November 9, 2000, and remained a symbol of resistance and the Intifada They remained in the mind, heart Obuamar that of the right in a convoy of martyrs. 11 people were killed in demonstrations Protest in which people behind the Green Line, Israel and which the very severely.
Crossed when the uprising was launched to hold on Jerusalem, the rejection of the settlement, and to insist on The restoration of the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people, but gradually turned the intifada, in particular during the Sharon has been marked by violent resistance to the operations of “martyrdom” attacks, which killed dozens of civilians Israelis, in contrast to the parameters of the opening movement in the methods of the legitimate struggle, and in the time of resistance “Global terrorism” which has become the main engine of the policies of many States, which led to the use of Israelis and Americans to Adhiriep of terrorism against civilians to intimidate members of our people. The move Bridging the Martyrs Movement, the progress of hundreds of martyrs in the opening of the second intifada, led by Commander Faisal Al-Husseini, a member of the central concerns of the nation who was killed and the burden of the struggle in May 31, 2001 Kuwait, thousands participated in the farewell to the last resting place in the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem is free for one day Recognized. Continued leadership in the open, even in the blood and provide a tax certificate on the path to liberation.
Climate allowed the growth of the phenomenon of the spread of the uprising organizations and the armed factions, including those Belonging to the Fatah movement, or receive funding from certain centers of power in the open, and were the manifestations of chaos Weapons everywhere, and the Hamas movement grew in strength, and poverty has increased to the limits of the famine and the financial support Arab. Down the peace process entirely in the arena of Israeli and Palestinian peace movements and decreased Israel.
The escalation of repression and organized terrorism of the Israeli Government, and the re-occupation of the West Bank The whole of the commander and the siege of President Yasser Arafat, in Ramallah, and to besiege the Anisa Nativity in Bethlehem, And the escalation of the siege and the shelling and the killings in the Israeli sector, the Bank experienced intrusive to the cities and villages Have resisted all the Palestinian armed forces and its leadership, especially the Fatah movement of activists, and the world witnessed the epic The steadfastness of a national rare in Jenin.
The Occupying Power has the peace of all the agreements, and began to build the apartheid wall on the
And within the West Bank, particularly around Qalqilya and Jerusalem, and the escalation of the settlement unconditionally, in spite of the The decision of the Court of International Justice, which issued to us against the wall and settlements.Disintegrated our security in spite of the presence of leaders of the history of struggle Avwp Musharraf
Ranks, as a result of Israeli strikes against the destruction, a result of the interruption to supply, and even non-payment of salaries Soldiers and officers, and the fragility of their organization and the disintegration of its leadership, and lack of coordination between multiple organs, but And the escalation of conflicts among them, as a result of giving priority to personal interests of some leaders of their responsibilities Security, and lack of training and preparation and discipline, as a result of the siege of General Commander of brother Abu Ammar, in Ramallah, And diminished ability to control things.An al Qaeda attack on America and the American campaign
to dominate the region:In the meantime grown jihadist Islamic forces and extremist attacks in our region, “Al Qaeda” New York and Washington in September 11, 2001, where the symbols of economic power and the U.S. military, the Led to the killing of thousands of civilians, the attack resulted in significant change in U.S. policy becoming Unlimited use of military force in foreign policy, particularly in the Middle East, Against the so-called “Islamic terrorism”, so I went to the U.S. military occupation of Afghanistan, And then to the occupation of Iraq, the flimsy excuses about the relationship of Iraq, “al-Qaeda,” and the manufacture of weapons of mass Destruction, was later shown to Azb the charges. The events of September 2001 provided an opportunity for the right American far right to achieve American hegemony over Iraqi oil, and to control the Gulf, and then Marap failed to fight to impose the American model of democracy and moderation in the region under the slogan “New Middle East”.
America has encouraged Israel to occupy southern Lebanon and the destruction of Lebanese infrastructure, and American planes bombed Somalia, Pakistan and the West. Israel has the use of this position The American occupation and the escalation of aggression and settlement under the cover of U.S. and Israel tried to support U.S. settlement change data: focusing on its security, and preparing to give legitimacy to the masses Settlement as “facts on the ground,” and of trying to impose hegemony over Jerusalem, as judaizing “United and eternal capital of Israel”, and then talk about the postponement of negotiations on Jerusalem for an Indefinitely, and to promote a provisional Palestinian state within the borders of the wall into a final solution of limitations, and the abolition of the Refugees to return to their homes and their towns and villages in Israel under the slogan of “Jewish State of Israel”, including Also threatens the fate of the Palestinians through the other line of deportation.
Practice before becoming an Israeli state is the establishment of the interim self-rule authority is limited, in the Besiege Palestinian settlements and the wall and the Israeli forces, without Jerusalem, and to allow for a limited number Of refugees to return to the State Government.
The world continues to reject these solutions, because the Palestinian people and leadership of international law and rejected, The Arab and Muslim countries and rejected by other major countries, but the danger remains requires us Permanent movement and hard work.
Death of the commander of Abu Ammar:
In November 11, 2004, after multiple attempts on his life, after the Israeli siege and continuous disclosure
The province, the symbol of the steadfastness of the commander, leader and teacher killed Yasser Arafat, after a short period of time in French military hospital where efforts were made to rescue the inability of the hospital failed to diagnose the article Killed, there’s no doubt that the primary interest is in the killing of the Israeli Government, which has made no secret of its comments Public and “forecasts” of its intentions to get rid of the leader of the Palestinian people and their historic leader, and his response was to Threats: “want me dead or a fugitive prisoners or say I am a martyr, a martyr, a martyr.”There is no doubt that the continuation of the investigation and revealed the secrets of the days will reveal the way in which the During which the assassination of our martyr. Was the loss of the Palestinian people and the movement of the opening of a large loss of its leader, Commander Is a rare feat, which is difficult to be replicated or easily overlooked.
Brother Abu Mazen, took the helm of the leadership to continue to achieve in very difficult circumstances, and then succeeded in Presidential election by 63%, and took the brother Abu Alaa as prime minister. Policy continues Israel refuses to provide any pretext of the absence of a Palestinian partner for the last three years of leadership Brother Abu Ammar, in spite of all attempts to revive the Palestinian – Israeli From the Mitchell Committee and then to the Paris Conference in Sharm el-Sheikh summit Clinton era, and the issuance of The Roadmap and the formation of the Quartet, and visits Almkoaip in the era of President Bush, without any progress on the The negotiating table or in the situation on the ground.
Returned to the recognition of Israel and the Palestinian partner to negotiate with him after the inauguration of President Abu Mazen’s Presidency of the Authority and especially after the Annapolis conference, without changing the Ivar in the results table Discussions or on the ground. Settlement continued to escalate, and the deepening of the occupation, especially in Jerusalem and its vicinity, and the continued construction of the wall and spread, and continued the siege and the military checkpoints and obstacles in the Everywhere, have not been any progress towards agreement on a framework for the final status negotiations.
Elections and the Hamas coup, and the separation of Gaza:
In 2005 the Israelis withdrew from the Gaza Strip and military outposts, and replaced Occupation of the deadly siege of Gaza, citing the continued rocket fire from it. Was declared reason for that Withdrawal is to get rid of the burden of security to Gaza and to move forward in a peace process unilaterally, launched by Israel To settle in the West Bank, especially in Jerusalem. Farah citizens at the beginning of the salvation of the occupation And settlements in the Gaza Strip, and found a command to terminate prior to termination of the settlement in the West Bank as well. Was the Israel says that the settlements in Gaza, less important, the value of the Tel Aviv or Rechovot, and its Of the settlements in Sinai were outside the borders of Palestine, and that does not constitute a precedent for the withdrawal from settlements Bank or Gaza, which was always saying that they are not able to evacuate settlers from Gaza or the West Bank, but Able to achieve this without any serious resistance from the herds of settlers and the Israeli withdrawal, but not Not real, it was followed by a full blockade of Gaza and the ongoing attacks and the invasion of towns and villages, and it became clear that the The main objective of the unilateral withdrawal from Gaza was the bombing of Gaza from the inside, with a view to try to automatically separated From the West Bank.
At the beginning of 2006, legislative elections were held after a year of the Declaration and to prepare, And the supervision and control a large number of Arab and foreign observers to ensure fairness and impartiality. Fatah lost the elections, and President Abu Mazen commissioned leader Ismail Haniyeh of Hamas, headed by The new Council of Ministers.
Loss of the elections represented a major setback to the movement of Fatah, and paved the way for such a loss, the hegemony of Hamas Movement on the sector, the destiny and overturned in June 2007 on the Palestinian legitimacy, despite the Continuation of national dialogue and agreement on the document to the achievement of national reconciliation, and attempts to Saudi Arabia The Mecca agreement through the establishment of a national unity government has not only lived a few months. Resulted in the separation of the coup Sector from the West Bank, which has the objective of the Israeli unilateral withdrawal, and destroyed the national unity Palestinian, striking the Palestinian democratic legitimacy.
Began to show signs of failure of the eye during the period of preparation for the elections, the failure of an attempt to choose the representatives of Pre-election movement “Albraima.” Emerged as centers of power and conflicts have emerged, and used Al-pressure tools, including forgery, kidnapping and burning of the ballot box to influence the results, thus A group of Auadr Movement and announced the list of independent candidates against the Fatah movement and its list, Then returned for the continued independence and merged Bmsaomat movement in the list of seats and locations. And Palau Non-satisfaction of a large number of cadres of the Fatah list and the method of choice, Vtqdmoa, for violation of Council resolution Revolutionary Amstkulain run in circles, who had been elected, while half of the candidates has been chosen as half Another way of lists and proportional voting. Fatah has lost one seat in the elections, where the relative Obtained 43% of the vote, compared with 44% of the list of Hamas. However, the opening of losing 23 seats in the Mstkulaiha circles because of the competition, although the candidates from the Fatah movement have received 46% of the Services in exchange for the votes of 42% for Hamas candidates, but the opening of the dispersion of votes among the candidates list And independent of belonging to it, Hamas and had 58% of the seats, and claimed that two thirds of the people Palestinians have voted.
The fact that the causes of failure before the election began a full year, a shortfall for the direction of the sons of our organization Movement and their supporters to register for the elections offices before they were closed in preparation for the start of the campaign. Lost half a million voters, most of whom were supporters of Fatah, could not vote on the election identity as They did in the 1996 elections, because the law has changed and the imposition of pre-registration. Hamas Al-registration Their supporters in a timely manner, and failed to do so. But some of the causes of the loss due to the election
The causes of pre-election campaign tour and our limitations in their performance. Was the failure of the peace process, and consequences Economic and humanitarian impact of the Intifada and Israeli repression that followed, the problems of the opening performance of the Authority, also The voters turned to Hamas. Fatah supporters abstained from voting for their candidates in protest against the conduct of Auadr and some of the leaders of Fatah in power. Absent in the Movement is committed to public elections Atnzim, And Tsarat Auadrha, wiping the authority that built and can develop on its own blood and race.After Hamas came to power, even after the Government of National Unity, the problems in the organization Gaza and the ensuing collapse of the entire security establishment, which has enabled Hamas to complete overturn of power in June 2007, the Commission has been studying the reasons for high Hraip defeat and collapse, and will present the results of Achieved to the Sixth Conference.
The loss of the sector to become a new pretext for Israel to justify its aggression and siege and Aghtyaladtha, And to act unilaterally again Aonma and there is no Palestinian partner, insisting in Annapolis and beyond That there is no progress in the implementation of the roadmap as long as the Hamas takeover of Gaza, and she was not going to The application of any final solution in the separation of the sector, and at the same time, it rejects any dialogue between Hamas Authority and Fatah, and threatened that they would cut off all contacts and negotiations with the Palestinian Authority if the unity government National. The truth is that Israel hopes to separation of Gaza, and will work hard to continue, And to weaken the West Bank and Gaza.
Continued after the Hamas coup in Gaza, deepening the gap between the Bank and in the exclusion of all those who contravene Opinion, and in the establishment of alternative and parallel institutions of power, but the movement remained faithful to the opening of its principles, And worked through the Authority to provide the support for the Gaza Strip, and was always ready to deal seriously with any project Unitary cohesion and unity back to our people and our authority, and to preserve the legitimacy of a representation lies in the Liberalization, and democratic legitimacy, which lies in the people is expressed in the election.
Continued problems of Palestinian refugees in the diaspora, most notably the disaster and was cold in the north of the river Lebanon, and deal with brother Abu Mazen’s leadership and our people in Lebanon spared us the wisdom and courage to re-enter In the denuded internal Lebanese. They suffered Ajiona in Iraq, putting them unfairly in the Iraqi conflict Sacrificial victims of domestic violence and they reject it in all its forms, has been persecuted, displaced and the Iraqi border Jordan. Sudan was the introduction of the Arima refuge in its territory, but the real solution to their problem and the problem of Their brothers in Lebanon is to return to their homes, towns and villages in Palestine, through the application of the right of return. The picture is bleak, and the Arab, regional and international levels explain only part of the grim situation, We have to bear the largest part of the responsibility to change this picture.
Was the American policy in the region in the last seven years played an important role in the deterioration of Conditions, and support for the aggressive behavior and the Israeli settlement, as a result of these policy The emergence of major regional player Iran, the conflict has resulted in the U.S. – Iran’s alliances and balances Fed the new internal conflicts in Iraq, Lebanon and Palestine, and impacted negatively on the independence of the decision National in our country and in Lebanon and Iraq.
Gaza is still suffering from the Israeli siege and bombardment, invasion, assassination, is not Fuel, electricity and agricultural production, industrial, and even food, clothing, medicine and Security And stability, as it lacks the unity with the homeland and the freedom of movement of persons to and from. The Bank is still Under Israeli occupation, settlement area of shrinking the cancer and the walls of apartheid Bmdnha and villages, the capital of our country, especially Jerusalem, which threatened the City, and spread throughout our prisoners prisons Israel, the country lacks the national unity and democratic legitimacy and safety.
Fifty-nine attended the Annapolis and attended the State of the Paris Economic Conference came
All in support of Palestine and Israel and criticizing the settlement policy and, in our case is still the main engine Street Arab and Islamic worlds.
